ZENIT, July 12, 1998
THE WORLD SEEN FROM ROME
WEEKLY REPORT
HUMAN RIGHTS, THE CHURCH PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE John Paul II Demands
Respect for the Dignity of Every Person
PERU ACKNOWLEDGES ITS VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS But Lethal Sterilization Campaign Continues
CHRISTIANS MADE SLAVES AS "WEST ADORES GOLDEN CALF OF OIL" Bishop of Sudan Denounces International Indifference to Fate of Christians
TRAGIC PROPHECIES OF BERNANOS FULFILLED 50 YEARS LATER Death in 1948 Cut Short his Most Cherished Work: "The Life of Jesus"
ABORTION AND EUTHANASIA AFTER "AD TUENDAM FIDEM" Archbishop Bertone, Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
SIGNS OF HOPE IN NORTH KOREA DESPITE FAMINE Interview with First Catholic Bishop to Visit Northern Territory since Separation
THE WEEK IN REVIEW People, Events, and Comments. Brasilian Bishops' Conference Name
New Leaders, JPII: "Catholic Media Must Maintain Their Identity," Pope Exhorts Spanish
Bishops to be Example of Generosity,
HUMAN RIGHTS, THE CHURCH PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE
John Paul II Demands Respect for the Dignity of Every Person
VATICAN CITY, JUN 28 (ZENIT) - "The persistence of extreme poverty in
contrast with the opulence of a small part of society, in a world
characterized by huge progress in the fields of science and the humanities,
constitutes a true scandal; it is a situation that seriously hinders the
full exercise of human rights today."
On the 4th of July, this is how John Paul II addressed members of the World
Congress on the Pastoral Ministry of Human Rights, organized by the
Pontifical Council of Justice and Peace on the fiftieth anniversary of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
"During the course of my ministry," the Holy Father continued, "it has
been important for me to pay special attention to safeguarding and
promoting the dignity of the person and their rights, in all stages of
their life, and in every political, social, economic and cultural
circumstance." As he had done in his first encyclical, Redemptor Hominis,
the "Pope of Human Rights" -- as some already call him -- pointed out that
a real tension exists between the "letter" and the "spirit" of these
rights. "Still today, one can note the chasm which exists between the
'letter' ... and the 'spirit,' currently quite far from being respected.
Our century is still marked by very serious violations of basic rights,"
he noted.
The Gap Between "Letter" and "Spirit"
In order to avoid the theater of international conventions where world
leaders sign documents which they know from the outset will never be
applied, John Paul proposed an overall strategy to Catholics and all
persons of good will in the battle to defend human rights. "The first
objective of a pastoral ministry of Human Rights is to make the acceptance
of universal rights in their 'letter' include the concrete enacting of
their 'spirit.' "
The Pope went on to denounce that "Every act which tramples on the dignity
of mankind and frustrates their possibilities of personal fulfillment is an
act contrary to God's plan for man and for all of creation." As a result,
he affirmed, "The pastoral ministry of human rights is in close connection
with the mission of the Church in the modern world. In fact, the Church can
never abandon man, whose destiny is closely and unmistakably united with
Christ."
The Pope strongly denounced the current panorama: " Our century is still
marked by very serious violations of basic rights. In the world, there are
still huge numbers of people, women and children whose rights are cruelly
trampled upon. How many are unjustly deprived of personal liberty, of the
possibility to freely express or freely profess their own faith in God? How
many are victims of torture, violence and abuse? How many others, because
of war, unjust discrimination, unemployment or other catastrophic
economical situations, never come to fulfill the dignity that God has given
them and the gifts that they have received from Him? "
After underlining the importance of social and economic rights, that form
an essential part of the rights of every person, he went on to express his
wish that the Conference of the United Nations for the institution of a
International Criminal Court might "end up, as everyone hopes, with the
creation of a new institution aimed at protecting the culture of human
rights on a world level."
The Specific Contribution of Christians
John Paul II noted that the Church, in its mission at the service of human
rights, should leave its own peculiar mark. More specifically, he added,
"the pastoral ministry for human rights by its very nature must be linked
to the spiritual and transcendent dimension of the person, especially, in
this moment when the tendency to reduce the human person to only one of his
dimensions --the economic dimension-- and to consider development merely in
economic terms, is manifest."
Religious Freedom
At the end of his discourse, the Pope addressed the pressing problem of
religious freedom: From the reflection on the transcendent dimension of the
person, follows "the obligation to protect and promote the right of freedom
to religion." He took advantage of the occasion to express his solidarity
and support for all those who, even today, still cannot make full and free
exercise of these rights, whether on a personal or communitary level.
"World leaders," he concluded, "will find believers to be men and women of
peace, willing to collaborate with everyone in an effort to build a more
just and peaceful society."
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FEATURES
PERU ACKNOWLEDGES ITS VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
But Lethal Sterilization Campaign Continues
LIMA, July 6 (ZENIT).- The Peruvian government has submitted a revealing
report, drafted in conjunction with seven other countries, to the follow-up
committee of the "Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Towards Women" (CEDAW) --which took place in New York from
June 22 until July 10. The committee meets periodically in order to
evaluate the implementation of the Convention on "the advances and setbacks
of the progress of women's rights." So-called reproductive rights have a
preferential place in these evaluations.
The follow-up committee has been working since 1979 and closely observes
the more than 152 countries who signed the Convention, comparing the
official reports with those of the non governmental organizations (NGO's).
At the beginning of the year the Peruvian government faced serious
accusations for violating women's rights. At that time, extensive forced
sterilization campaigns for poor women were verified. These were carried
out by doctors belonging to the national health care system who, while
carrying out the objectives imposed by international associations such as
the U.N. Fund for Population Activities and U.S. government agencies who
contributed aid, caused the death of numerous women. In planning their
campaigns, the Peruvian government receives advisement from organizations
such as AVSC, based in New York, which receives money from USAID (118
million dollars for the August 93 - August 98 period).
The report reveals that the Peruvian government is more interested in
aggressively reducing the birthrate than defending women's rights. The
100-page document explains how 70 percent of the population maintains an
"acceptable" fertility index of 2.8 children per couple, and laments the
fact that in the remaining 30 percent of the population (the rural
population) has an extremely high 3.5 percentage rate.
In 1995, the Peruvian government published its most recent study on
internal migrations in Peru. This study showed that of the 188 provinces
which belong to Peru, 144 showed signs of depopulation.
In various parts of the more recent U.N. report, entitled "Unwanted
Pregnancies," great emphasis is placed on the claim that the majority of
Peruvian women do not want more than two children, and that this number is
considered ideal by most of the women. The Government does not back up
these statements with any statistics, however.
Between 1990 and 1997 the Fujimori government has organized campaigns
which have resulted in the sterilization of 282,000 women: 100,000 in 1997
alone, and some 80,000 in 1996. Peru's General Budget Law forecasts the
sterilization of 165,000 in 1998. The government, however, will not be
able to reach this number due to protests by the Peruvian Bishops'
Conference, and because numerous groups of women have courageously
testified against the government before the media that they were deceived
into sterilization. Up to now, there are still no sanctions against those
who ordered the atrocities.
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CHRISTIANS MADE SLAVES AS "WEST ADORES GOLDEN CALF OF OIL"
Bishop of Sudan Denounces International Indifference to Fate of Christians
EL OBEID, JUL 10 (ZENIT) - The blood of modern martyrs continues to be the
seed of saints, at least in Sudan. The ancient adage of Tertullian applies
even today to numerous Christian communities, as corners of the world often
ignored by the mainstream media continue to suffer a silent, yet no less
cruel persecution for their beliefs. Bishop Macram Max Gassis of El Obeid
is a living witness of the joys and sorrows that the Catholic community in
Sudan has come to consider everyday occurrences. "During the Easter Vigil
Mass this year," he proudly points out, "I administered no less than 460
baptisms and 503 confirmations in one celebration. The following day, I
ordained one priest and blessed 57 weddings."
But these fruits have been attained at a very high cost. Bishop Gassis
admits, "I am considered a "persona non grata" by the government and my
diocese has been divided in two. In the Khartoum controlled zone there is
Msgr. Antonio Menegazzo, the Apostolic Administrator. Where as I operate in
SPLA controlled areas (the Sudan People's Liberation Army, which since 1983
has been fighting for more autonomy for the Christian and Animist people in
Southern Sudan), where Msgr. Menegazzo cannot go."
Christian Slaves
At present, the biggest plague that affects the Catholic community in the
country is an internationally ignored vibrant slave trade consisting mainly
of children from Christian families. Since publicly denouncing the practice
in 1990, Bishop Gassis has been forced to live in exile and operates only
in SPLA controlled areas.
"In 1990 -- the Bishop declared to the Vatican Agency FIDES -- I bought
back a first group of fifty slaves (100 American dollars to buy back a boy,
fifty for a girl) and denounced the phenomenon. The Governor of El Obeid
said it was not safe for me to continue to travel around the country on my
own. He offered me an army escort. Then, they expelled all the missionaries
from Dilling, Kadugli, Babanusa and Abyei. I realized that I too would do
better to leave."
The exact number of slaves is hard to determine, he explains, since most
kidnappings are never reported out of fear of reprisals. Nevertheless,
based on first-hand reports, he goes on to affirm: "I'd say at least 3,000
children, boys and girls between 5 and 16, have been forced into slavery in
the first months of 1998. The adolescent girls serve as concubines or
'pleasure instruments' for Muslim militia and the armed forces. The boys
are sent to so-called 'peace camps': military training camps where they are
instructed in fighting and Islam."
According to his own estimates, he calculates that very small numbers are
ever actually freed from slavery, and those that are "still need help to
find their family and to recover from the psychological and physical trauma
to which they have been submitted: in fact many 12 and 13 year old girls
return pregnant," he said.
International Indifference
As regards help from the Sudanese government, Gassis notes, the basic
problem is precisely the "implicit government consent" of the abuses. For
fear of international reaction, the government, as such, is not actually
involved but it is obvious that the activity fits into government policy."
When asked whether he has received any support from Western governments to
put political pressure on the Sudanese leaders, he answered frankly: "No.
The West adores the 'Golden Calf.' Sudan has oil and the West is afraid of
damaging its own interests."
Nevertheless, he made it a point to clarify that by no means was he trying
to accuse anyone of provoking a religious war between Christians and
Muslims. This, he emphatically stated, is simply not the case. "What is
more," he added, "the West often finds it difficult to distinguish between
Islam and fundamentalism. With Islam we have always been in dialogue: our
schools and hospitals have always been open to Muslims and Animists as well
as Christians. Whereas Muslim fundamentalism is a political-economic
ideology which uses religion as a cover-up."
Hope for the Future?
In a similar situation, many Christians would think of abandoning their
homeland in search of more peaceful surroundings. Bishop Gassis is well
aware of the perils that lie ahead, both for himself and for his fellow
Christians, but he is willing to accept the weight of his cross as the
leader of a persecuted and forgotten flock at the threshold of the third
millennium.
Recalling the joyful Easter ceremony mentioned above, he added: "On the
same day we gave first aid to a little boy and a young woman who had
respectively had an arm and a leg blown off by anti-personnel mines laid by
the Khartoum army."
"This is a Church that suffers," he concluded, "but which is full of
vitality."
ZW980712-6
TRAGIC PROPHECIES OF BERNANOS FULFILLED 50 YEARS LATER
Death in 1948 Cut Short his Most Cherished Work: "The Life of Jesus"
PARIS, JUL 6 (ZENIT)- "It was hard, terribly hard. But I have made the
decision. From now on, I will only speak about Jesus." Towards the end of
June fifty years ago, the great French writer, George Bernanos, expressed
his intention to write a "Life of Jesus." A few days later, on July 5,
1948, Bernanos died at the age of 60, leaving his most cherished project
unfinished. A book is now coming out entitled "Almost a Life of Jesus,"
written in Italian by the Milanese priest, Marco Ballarini, and published
by St. Paul books. After a long and laborious investigation, Fr. Ballarini
has been able to piece together a portrait of Jesus taken from quotes from
Bernanos' work.
Some have labeled this patient research and subsequent stitching of the
pieces of the mosaic, a true "apocryphal gospel," which is, nonetheless,
perfectly coherent with the Biblical text. Bernanos had left only a few
handwritten pages of his project which proved to be a "programmatic
manifesto" of the work: "I wanted to speak about Jesus Christ with
simplicity for those who do not know him," he wrote, "I wanted to speak to
them of a poor man like everyone else."
The author of "The Diary of a Country Priest" turned out to be prophetic in
his description of coming moral ills. He wrote: "It may happen that modern
society will combat poverty by eliminating in each generation children born
to poor families, the ill-adapted and the unwanted, thanks to birth control
and severe selection." It was an authentic premonition of what would later
become embodied in today's widespread global birth control programs.
Bernanos, who loved the poor, depicts poverty in the following fashion:
"The poor man is not the one who is deprived of what is necessary. He is a
man who, according to a distant tradition of poverty, lives meagerly. He
lives day to day off the work of his own hands and feeds off the hands of
God, according to a popular old expression..." Bernanos concludes, "The
poor hold the secret of hope."
ZW980712-7
ABORTION AND EUTHANASIA AFTER "AD TUENDAM FIDEM"
Archbishop Bertone, Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the
Faith
VATICAN CITY, JUL 6 (ZENIT)- To clear up some of the confusion caused by an
atmosphere of modern moral relativism, the Pope has published an apostolic
letter entitled "Ad Tuendam Fidem" [To Defend the Faith]. The letter
annexes norms and corresponding penalties to the Code of Canon Law of both
the Latin and eastern rites.
In an effort to clarify the terms of this discussion, Vatican Radio
interviewed Archbishop Tarsicio Bertone, Secretary of the Congregation for
the Doctrine of the Faith. ZENIT offers its readers some of the more
salient points of their exchange.
-- How are abortion and euthanasia considered according to these new norms?
-- Archbishop Bertone: Certainly, direct abortion, as the killing of an
innocent human being, is a crime against life that should be considered as
belonging to the first level of the truths of the faith according to a
natural and Christian moral outlook.
-- Therefore, whoever doesn't hold to this truth falls into heresy?
-- Archbishop Bertone: You can equate the allowing of abortion to heresy,
but you cannot equate euthanasia with heresy. The condemnation of
euthanasia, and thus the confirmation that it is absolutely illicit, which
the Holy Father reaffirmed according to the tradition of the Church in his
encyclical "Evangelium Vitae," belongs to a second level of truths.
-- But doesn't euthanasia also imply the killing of an innocent, weak human
being?
-- Archbishop Bertone: Yes, but it is different from abortion. The case of
abortion was confirmed by Church tradition from the beginning with an
explicit condemnation from the apostolic community, whereas euthanasia is a
problem presented as an offense and as a human act [with moral
responsibility] only in our times. In fact, there is discussion over the
fact that there is no reference to it in the Bible nor in the teachings of
the apostolic church. Nonetheless, the Holy Father draws this teaching from
the link to the commandment to care for human life not only from the
beginning of its conception, but also to its natural consummation,
reaffirming that man cannot do as he pleases with human life: only God is
master and protector of life, because He is the Creator of human life.
-- That is, euthanasia is morally unacceptable inasmuch as it is the
killing of a human person. What penalties would someone who contradicts
these truths incur?
-- Archbishop Bertone: Whoever contradicts these truths acts contrary to
his conscience, obviously. He rejects a doctrine, a truth proposed as
definitive and unchangeable. Therefore, he is blameworthy for this
rejection, and through his opposition, he situates himself outside
communion with the Church. The new formulation of the canon that the "motu
proprio" of the Holy Father presents, doesn't establish a specific penalty.
It says that one should be punished with an appropriate ecclesiastical
penalty, naturally, reminding that the punishment always aims at correcting
the offender, and therefore at his return to full communion with the Church
and to full adherence to the Church's teaching.
-- Can euthanasia also be equated with prostitution and fornication?
-- Archbishop Bertone: Yes, yes. Throughout its history and in its
tradition, the Church has condemned such behavior, that contradicts the
divine plan concerning human love and marriage.
ZW980712-11
SIGNS OF HOPE IN NORTH KOREA DESPITE FAMINE
Interview with First Catholic Bishop to Visit Northern Territory since Separation
SEOUL 10 Jul (ZENIT) - Andrew Tchoi, Auxiliary Bishop of Seoul and
President of the Korean Reconciliation Committee (KRCS) of the Seoul
Archdiocese, recently made a pastoral visit to the North Korean diocese of
Pyongyang from May 15 - 23, accompanied by four lay people and two priests.
He was the first Bishop from South Korea to meet Catholics in the North
since 1953 when Korea was divided. Among the reasons for his visit was to
verify the distribution of food supplies collected and sent by South Korean
Catholics to help the people in North Korea suffering from serious famine.
The Vatican News Agency, FIDES, recently interviewed Bishop Tchoi about his
visit.
FIDES - What was the main reason for your visit? Had there been any earlier
visits?
Bishop Tchoi - Previously some Korean priests with American citizenship
visited North Korea, met Catholics and celebrated Mass at Changchung Church
in Pyongyang. The late Bishop Daniel Tji Hak-soon's visit to North Korea in
1985 was a Red Cross visit and two visits made by Fr. Moon Kyu-hyon in 1989
as delegate of the Priests Association were informal visits, concerning the
1989 Pyongyang World Youth Festival sponsored by the North Korean
government. But my visit was different. I was representing Cardinal Kim
(Archbishop of Seoul) who is the apostolic administrator of Pyongyang. I
went to meet the local Catholics and to pray together for reconciliation
and national unity. The second purpose of my visit was related to 3,000
tons of corn and 1,000 tons of fertilizer that the Korean Reconciliation
Committee sent this past spring. Besides these two purposes, we visited the
historical birthplace of Ryu Chong-ryul, Peter, one of the 103 Korean
Martyr saints and the only one from North Korea. Here we prayed for the
whole country.
FIDES - Whom did you meet?
Bishop Tchoi - Apart from meeting with the faithful, we met North Korea
agricultural department officials to discuss ways to help promote
agriculture. During our visit, Samuel Chang Jae-ch'ol, president of the
North Korean Catholics' Association, and Yulio Ch'a, leader of the
Changchung Catholic community, accompanied us. This was a good occasion to
confirm our sincere solidarity with North Koreans in need.
FIDES - Is the food shortage in North Korea really serious? Is relief aid
sufficient?
Bishop Tchoi - In a word, I would say that North Korea has totally
exhausted its resources. For example while we were staying in a hotel (for
state guests) there were moments when electricity and even shower water
were turned off. Newborn babies weigh 2.5 kgs. (5.5 lbs.). The situation is
more critical than we imagine. For the distribution of donations of the
KRCS there is no problem.
FIDES - What is your reading on freedom of conscience in North Korea?
Bishop Tchoi - It is difficult to make a judgment from our viewpoint and I
think we should not. In all aspects, their situation is very different from
ours. We live under a different political, ideological system. They don't
have clergy or religious. They are under control. That is their reality.
FIDES - Do you have hope for the reunification of the Korean peninsula?
What can the Church do?
Bishop Tchoi - I dislike the term "reunification" because of its political
implication. We prefer "reconciliation." Reconciliation is our duty and our
right. We are one people. Even though many disparate elements were created
during 50 years of separation, we have common traditions, spiritual values,
culture and the same language. These can't be denied. What the Church has
to do is to try to increasingly show our spirit of reconciliation and
unity, our love and interest through our concrete practice. We have to keep
trying.
FIDES - What is your vision for the mission to North Korea?
Bishop Tchoi - The KRCS considers the pre-evangelization of North Korea
very important. In North Korea, two dioceses already exist: Pyongyang and
Hamhung. Mission means evangelization. We have to witness to God's love,
peace, and forgiveness by our action. At the present moment, that can be
translated into humanitarian aid. A human-centered mission is essential.
God has loved a sinful world. The KRCS will continue its work for Korean
reconciliation along this line. Attentive to the Holy Spirit, we will work
in accordance to the signs of time.
FIDES - Has the work of the Reconciliation Committee (KRCS) produced any
fruits?
Bishop Tchoi - The term "reconciliation" itself is a fruit of our work. The
governments of both North and South understand our expression. We expect
many possibilities of contact between the two sides. We welcome the current
government's "Sunshine policy." There are many signs of hope. Chung
Ju-young's visit to the North with 1,000 head of cattle is one of these
signs. (On June 16th Chung Ju-young, founder of the Hyundai Business Group,
made a personal gift of 1,000 cows to help North Korea overcome its food
crisis.)
FIDES - How do you foresee the relationship between the Vatican and North
Korea?
Bishop Tchoi - It won't be easy. I think the Vatican has to approach North
Korea from a humanitarian perspective. There is no freedom of religion as
we understand it. It will take time. In China and Cuba there are clergy,
but not in North Korea.
FIDES - Cardinal Kim has shown great interest in North Korea. Do you think
the new archbishop will follow the same line?
Bishop Tchoi - The new archbishop will continue the same line. He will
complete what Cardinal Kim has initiated and developed.
FIDES - Do you think North Korea will need help in the future?
Bishop Tchoi - Absolutely. Yes. Assistance should be diversified. Food aids
are OK, but what is necessary is to help them organize themselves for the
long term. For example, agricultural machinery, tools, seeds and
fertilizers, etc. The KRCS will work along this line. Government assistance
is essential, since civilian aid is limited. Anyway, the Church will do its
best to help them in humanitarian terms and sharing, which is her duty.
ZW980712-12
THE WEEK IN REVIEW TOP
People, Events, and Comments
BRASILIAN BISHOPS' CONFERENCE NAME NEW LEADERS
BRASILIA, JUL 6 (ZENIT).- After the nomination of Cardinal Lucas Moreira
Neves as the new President of the Vatican Congregation of Bishops, Brazil
has had to find a substitute to head the Bishops' Conference, since Card.
Neves held the office of President. His substitute will be Bishop Jaime
Chemello, 65 and of Italian descent, who has been the Vice-president up to
now. Chemello is the Bishop of the diocese of Pelotas in Río Grande del
Sur. Bishop Marcelo Pinto Carvalheira, Archbishop of Joao Pessoa, Paraiba,
will be the new Vice-president.
The new leaders of the Brazilian episcopate are renowned for their
commitment towards promoting the participation of the laity in
evangelization and for defending human rights. In the past, Bishop Chemello
has supported the poor, in favor of a more equal distribution of land.
Before being nominated bishop, the new Vice-president was, for many years,
one of Bishop Helder Camara's closest collaborators in the diocese of
Recife. Bishop Pinto was arrested during the military regime and had been
accused of collaborating with the "enemies of the regime."
CATHOLIC MEDIA MUST MAINTAIN THEIR IDENTITY TOP
VATICAN CITY, JUL 7, 1998 (ZENIT) - In a message to the annual convention
of the Catholic COPE radio stations (Spanish Network of the People's
Airwaves), currently taking place in Rome, the Pope praised their work of
evangelization of the airwaves but exhorted them not to lose their Catholic
identity in an effort simply to gain higher ratings.
"It obliges you to make an effort to maintain a balance, and alerts you to
regulate tension between what is human and what is divine, between the
Gospel and materialism, between the everlasting values proclaimed by Christ
and those values put forward by secularization."
The Pope encouraged broadcasters "not to succumb to the subtle, deceptive
temptation of ambition, vanity, money or popularity. Simply put yourselves
at the disposition of those who expect the invaluable service of accurate
information, balanced opinion, the call to plural and respectful
coexistence and, in short, the love which is rooted in Christianity."
POPE EXHORTS SPANISH BISHOPS TO BE EXAMPLE OF GENEROSITY
VATICAN CITY, JUL 7, 1998 (ZENIT) - During the conclusion of their "ad
limina" visit to the See of Peter, the Spanish Bishops of Seville, Granada
and Valencia were received in audience by the Holy Father this morning. The
Pope invited the Bishops to promote the "creativity, fine sensitivity and
the rich expressive capacity of your peoples ... at the time of directing
them to meeting God."
He also called upon them to continue their work with the needy, the
homeless and abandoned. "Do not allow any of your faithful and communities
to remain insensitive to these realities which are a constant call to
attention in the face of so many statements which are made in a society
which seems to feel satisfied and pleased with its successes."
In reference to the large number of immigrants currently entering Spain
and many other European countries in search of jobs and security, the Pope
challenged them to "be also an open door for other peoples and give an
example of generosity, knowing how to fraternally share with those who
arrive in your land in search of new hope."
ZW980712-13
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